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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="The-Z-Shell-Manual.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> The Z Shell Manual</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Roadmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Roadmap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Invocation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Invocation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Files</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Shell-Grammar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Shell Grammar</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Redirection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Redirection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Command-Execution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Command Execution</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Jobs-_0026-Signals.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Jobs & Signals</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Arithmetic-Evaluation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Arithmetic Evaluation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Conditional-Expressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Conditional Expressions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Prompt-Expansion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> Prompt Expansion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Expansion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> Expansion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> Parameters</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Options.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> Options</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> Shell Builtin Commands</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Zsh-Line-Editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> Zsh Line Editor</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Completion-Widgets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> Completion Widgets</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Completion-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">20.</strong> Completion System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Completion-Using-compctl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">21.</strong> Completion Using compctl</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Zsh-Modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">22.</strong> Zsh Modules</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Calendar-Function-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">23.</strong> Calendar Function System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="TCP-Function-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">24.</strong> TCP Function System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Zftp-Function-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">25.</strong> Zftp Function System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="User-Contributions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">26.</strong> User Contributions</a></li></ol>
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<main>
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<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong> <em>generated with <a href="https://github.com/thlorenz/doctoc">DocToc</a></em></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#10-jobs--signals">10 Jobs & Signals</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#101-jobs">10.1 Jobs</a></li>
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<li><a href="#102-signals">10.2 Signals</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<p><span id="Jobs-_0026-Signals"></span>
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<span id="Jobs-_0026-Signals-1"></span></p>
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<h1 id="10-jobs--signals"><a class="header" href="#10-jobs--signals">10 Jobs & Signals</a></h1>
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<hr />
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<p><span id="Jobs"></span></p>
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<h2 id="101-jobs"><a class="header" href="#101-jobs">10.1 Jobs</a></h2>
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<p><span id="index-jobs"></span>
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<span id="index-MONITOR_002c-use-of"></span></p>
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<p>If the <code>MONITOR</code> option is set, an interactive shell associates a <em>job</em>
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with each pipeline. command, and assigns them small integer numbers.
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When a job is started asynchronously with ‘<code>&</code>’, the shell prints a line
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to standard error which looks like:</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre><code class="language-example">[1] 1234
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>indicating that the job which was started asynchronously was job number
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1 and had one (top-level) process, whose process ID was 1234.</p>
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<p>If a job is started with ‘<code>&|</code>’ or ‘<code>&!</code>’, then that job is immediately
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disowned. After startup, it to the job control features described here.</p>
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<p>If you are running a job and wish to do something else you may hit the
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key ^Z (control-Z) which sends a <code>TSTP</code> signal to the current job: this
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key may be redefined by the <code>susp</code> option of the external <code>stty</code>
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command. <span id="index-jobs_002c-suspending"></span>
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<span id="index-suspending-jobs"></span> The shell will then normally
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indicate that the job has been ‘suspended’, and print another prompt.
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You can then manipulate the state of this job,
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<span id="index-bg_002c-use-of"></span> putting it in the background
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with the <code>bg</code> command, or run some other commands and then eventually
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bring the job back into the foreground with
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<span id="index-fg_002c-use-of"></span> the foreground command <code>fg</code>. A
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^Z takes effect immediately and is like an interrupt in that pending
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output and unread input are discarded when it is typed.</p>
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<p>A job being run in the background will suspend if it tries to read from
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the terminal.</p>
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<p>Note that if the job running in the foreground is a shell function, then
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suspending it will have the effect of causing the shell to fork. This is
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necessary to separate the function’s state from that of the parent shell
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performing the job control, so that the latter can return to the command
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line prompt. As a result, even if <code>fg</code> is used to continue the job the
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function will no longer be part of the parent shell, and any variables
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set by the function will not be visible in the parent shell. Thus the
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behaviour is different from the case where the function was never
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suspended. Zsh is different from many other shells in this regard.</p>
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<p>One additional side effect is that use of <code>disown</code> with a job created by
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suspending shell code in this fashion is delayed: the job can only be
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disowned once any process started from the parent shell has terminated.
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At that point, the disowned job disappears silently from the job list.</p>
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<p>The same behaviour is found when the shell is executing code as the
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right hand side of a pipeline or any complex shell construct such as
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<code>if</code>, <code>for</code>, etc., in order that the entire block of code can be managed
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as a single job. <span id="index-background-jobs_002c-I_002fO"></span>
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<span id="index-jobs_002c-background_002c-I_002fO"></span> Background
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jobs are normally allowed to produce output, but this can be disabled by
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giving the command ‘<code>stty tostop</code>’. If you set this tty option, then
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background jobs will suspend when they try to produce output like they
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do when they try to read input.</p>
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<p>When a command is suspended and continued later with the <code>fg</code> or <code>wait</code>
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builtins, zsh restores tty modes that were in effect when it was
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suspended. This (intentionally) does not apply if the command is
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continued via ‘<code>kill -CONT</code>’, nor when it is continued with <code>bg</code>.</p>
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<p><span id="index-jobs_002c-referring-to"></span>
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<span id="index-referring-to-jobs"></span></p>
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<p>There are several ways to refer to jobs in the shell. A job can be
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referred to by the process ID of any process of the job or by one of the
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following:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><code>%``number</code><br />
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The job with the given number.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>%``string</code><br />
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The last job whose command line begins with <code>string</code>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>%?``string</code><br />
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The last job whose command line contains <code>string</code>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>%%</code><br />
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Current job.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>%+</code><br />
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Equivalent to ‘<code>%%</code>’.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>%-</code><br />
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Previous job.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The shell learns immediately whenever a process changes state.
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<span id="index-NOTIFY_002c-use-of"></span> It normally informs you
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whenever a job becomes blocked so that no further progress is possible.
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If the <code>NOTIFY</code> option is not set, it waits until just before it prints
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a prompt before it informs you. All such notifications are sent directly
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to the terminal, not to the standard output or standard error.</p>
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<p>When the monitor mode is on, each background job that completes triggers
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any trap set for <code>CHLD</code>.</p>
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<p>When you try to leave the shell while jobs are running or suspended, you
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will be warned that ‘You have suspended (running) jobs’. You may use the
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<code>jobs</code> command to see what they are. If you do this or immediately try
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||
to exit again, the shell will not warn you a second time; the suspended
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jobs will be terminated, and the running jobs will be sent a <code>SIGHUP</code>
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signal, if the <code>HUP</code> option is set.
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<span id="index-HUP_002c-use-of"></span></p>
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<p><span id="index-jobs_002c-disowning"></span>
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<span id="index-disowning-jobs"></span>
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<span id="index-disown_002c-use-of"></span></p>
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<p>To avoid having the shell terminate the running jobs, either use the
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nohup command (see man page nohup(1)) or the <code>disown</code> builtin.</p>
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<hr />
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<p><span id="Signals"></span></p>
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<h2 id="102-signals"><a class="header" href="#102-signals">10.2 Signals</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>INT</code> and <code>QUIT</code> signals for an invoked command are ignored if the
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||
command is followed by ‘<code>&</code>’ and the <code>MONITOR</code> option is not active. The
|
||
shell itself always ignores the <code>QUIT</code> signal. Otherwise, signals have
|
||
the values inherited by the shell from its parent (but see the
|
||
<code>TRAP``NAL</code> special functions in <a href="Functions.html#Functions">Functions</a>).</p>
|
||
<p><span id="index-exiting-shell_002c-and-asynchronous-jobs"></span>
|
||
<span id="index-asynchronous-jobs_002c-and-exiting-shell"></span>
|
||
<span id="index-jobs_002c-asynchronous_002c-and-exiting-shell"></span></p>
|
||
<p>Certain jobs are run asynchronously by the shell other than those
|
||
explicitly put into the background; even in cases where the shell would
|
||
usually wait for such jobs, an explicit <code>exit</code> command or exit due to
|
||
the option <code>ERR_EXIT</code> will cause the shell to exit without waiting.
|
||
Examples of such asynchronous jobs are process substitution, see
|
||
<a href="Expansion.html#Process-Substitution">Process Substitution</a>, and the
|
||
handler processes for multios, see the section Multios in
|
||
<a href="Redirection.html#Redirection">Redirection</a>.</p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<p>This document was generated on <em>February 15, 2020</em> using
|
||
<a href="http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 5.0</em></a>.<br />
|
||
Zsh version 5.8, released on February 14, 2020.</p>
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