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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="The-Z-Shell-Manual.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> The Z Shell Manual</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Roadmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Roadmap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Invocation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Invocation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Files</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Shell-Grammar.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Shell Grammar</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Redirection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Redirection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Command-Execution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Command Execution</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Functions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Jobs-&-Signals.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Jobs & Signals</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Arithmetic-Evaluation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Arithmetic Evaluation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Conditional-Expressions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Conditional Expressions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Prompt-Expansion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> Prompt Expansion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Expansion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> Expansion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> Parameters</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Options.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> Options</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> Shell Builtin Commands</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Zsh-Line-Editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> Zsh Line Editor</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Completion-Widgets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> Completion Widgets</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Completion-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">20.</strong> Completion System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Completion-Using-compctl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">21.</strong> Completion Using compctl</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Zsh-Modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">22.</strong> Zsh Modules</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Calendar-Function-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">23.</strong> Calendar Function System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="TCP-Function-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">24.</strong> TCP Function System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="Zftp-Function-System.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">25.</strong> Zftp Function System</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="User-Contributions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">26.</strong> User Contributions</a></li></ol>
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<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong> <em>generated with <a href="https://github.com/thlorenz/doctoc">DocToc</a></em></p>
|
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<ul>
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||
<li><a href="#10-jobs--signals">10 Jobs & Signals</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#101-jobs">10.1 Jobs</a></li>
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<li><a href="#102-signals">10.2 Signals</a></li>
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||
</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
|
||
<p><span id="Jobs-_0026-Signals"></span> <span
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||
id="Jobs-_0026-Signals-1"></span></p>
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||
<h1 id="10-jobs--signals"><a class="header" href="#10-jobs--signals">10 Jobs & Signals</a></h1>
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<hr />
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<p><span id="Jobs"></span></p>
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<h2 id="101-jobs"><a class="header" href="#101-jobs">10.1 Jobs</a></h2>
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<p><span id="index-jobs"></span> <span
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id="index-MONITOR_002c-use-of"></span></p>
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<p>If the MONITOR option is set, an interactive shell associates a <em>job</em>
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with each pipeline. command, and assigns them small integer numbers.
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||
When a job is started asynchronously with ‘&’, the shell prints a line
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||
to standard error which looks like:</p>
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||
<div class="example">
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||
<pre><code class="language-zsh">[1] 1234
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||
</code></pre>
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||
</div>
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||
<p>indicating that the job which was started asynchronously was job number
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||
1 and had one (top-level) process, whose process ID was 1234.</p>
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||
<p>If a job is started with ‘&|’ or ‘&!’, then that job is immediately
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||
disowned. After startup, it to the job control features described here.</p>
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||
<p>If you are running a job and wish to do something else you may hit the
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||
key ^Z (control-Z) which sends a TSTP signal to the current job: this
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||
key may be redefined by the susp option of the external stty command.
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||
<span id="index-jobs_002c-suspending"></span> <span
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||
id="index-suspending-jobs"></span> The shell will then normally indicate
|
||
that the job has been ‘suspended’, and print another prompt. You can
|
||
then manipulate the state of this job, <span
|
||
id="index-bg_002c-use-of"></span> putting it in the background with the
|
||
bg command, or run some other commands and then eventually bring the job
|
||
back into the foreground with <span id="index-fg_002c-use-of"></span>
|
||
the foreground command fg. A ^Z takes effect immediately and is like an
|
||
interrupt in that pending output and unread input are discarded when it
|
||
is typed.</p>
|
||
<p>A job being run in the background will suspend if it tries to read from
|
||
the terminal.</p>
|
||
<p>Note that if the job running in the foreground is a shell function, then
|
||
suspending it will have the effect of causing the shell to fork. This is
|
||
necessary to separate the function’s state from that of the parent shell
|
||
performing the job control, so that the latter can return to the command
|
||
line prompt. As a result, even if fg is used to continue the job the
|
||
function will no longer be part of the parent shell, and any variables
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||
set by the function will not be visible in the parent shell. Thus the
|
||
behaviour is different from the case where the function was never
|
||
suspended. Zsh is different from many other shells in this regard.</p>
|
||
<p>One additional side effect is that use of disown with a job created by
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||
suspending shell code in this fashion is delayed: the job can only be
|
||
disowned once any process started from the parent shell has terminated.
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||
At that point, the disowned job disappears silently from the job list.</p>
|
||
<p>The same behaviour is found when the shell is executing code as the
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||
right hand side of a pipeline or any complex shell construct such as if,
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||
for, etc., in order that the entire block of code can be managed as a
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||
single job. <span id="index-background-jobs_002c-I_002fO"></span> <span
|
||
id="index-jobs_002c-background_002c-I_002fO"></span> Background jobs are
|
||
normally allowed to produce output, but this can be disabled by giving
|
||
the command ‘stty tostop’. If you set this tty option, then background
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||
jobs will suspend when they try to produce output like they do when they
|
||
try to read input.</p>
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||
<p>When a command is suspended and continued later with the fg or wait
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||
builtins, zsh restores tty modes that were in effect when it was
|
||
suspended. This (intentionally) does not apply if the command is
|
||
continued via ‘kill -CONT’, nor when it is continued with bg.</p>
|
||
<p><span id="index-jobs_002c-referring-to"></span> <span
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||
id="index-referring-to-jobs"></span></p>
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||
<p>There are several ways to refer to jobs in the shell. A job can be
|
||
referred to by the process ID of any process of the job or by one of the
|
||
following:</p>
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||
<p>%<code>number</code><br />
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||
The job with the given number.</p>
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||
<p>%<code>string</code><br />
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The last job whose command line begins with <code>string</code>.</p>
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||
<p>%?<code>string</code><br />
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||
The last job whose command line contains <code>string</code>.</p>
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||
<p>%%<br />
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Current job.</p>
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||
<p>%+<br />
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Equivalent to ‘%%’.</p>
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||
<p>%-<br />
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Previous job.</p>
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<p>The shell learns immediately whenever a process changes state. <span
|
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id="index-NOTIFY_002c-use-of"></span> It normally informs you whenever a
|
||
job becomes blocked so that no further progress is possible. If the
|
||
NOTIFY option is not set, it waits until just before it prints a prompt
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||
before it informs you. All such notifications are sent directly to the
|
||
terminal, not to the standard output or standard error.</p>
|
||
<p>When the monitor mode is on, each background job that completes triggers
|
||
any trap set for CHLD.</p>
|
||
<p>When you try to leave the shell while jobs are running or suspended, you
|
||
will be warned that ‘You have suspended (running) jobs’. You may use the
|
||
jobs command to see what they are. If you do this or immediately try to
|
||
exit again, the shell will not warn you a second time; the suspended
|
||
jobs will be terminated, and the running jobs will be sent a SIGHUP
|
||
signal, if the HUP option is set. <span
|
||
id="index-HUP_002c-use-of"></span></p>
|
||
<p><span id="index-jobs_002c-disowning"></span> <span
|
||
id="index-disowning-jobs"></span> <span
|
||
id="index-disown_002c-use-of"></span></p>
|
||
<p>To avoid having the shell terminate the running jobs, either use the
|
||
nohup(1) command or the disown builtin.</p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<p><span id="Signals"></span></p>
|
||
<h2 id="102-signals"><a class="header" href="#102-signals">10.2 Signals</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The INT and QUIT signals for an invoked command are ignored if the
|
||
command is followed by ‘&’ and the MONITOR option is not active. The
|
||
shell itself always ignores the QUIT signal. Otherwise, signals have the
|
||
values inherited by the shell from its parent (but see the TRAP<code>NAL</code>
|
||
special functions in <a href="Functions.html#Functions">Functions</a>).</p>
|
||
<p><span id="index-exiting-shell_002c-and-asynchronous-jobs"></span> <span
|
||
id="index-asynchronous-jobs_002c-and-exiting-shell"></span> <span
|
||
id="index-jobs_002c-asynchronous_002c-and-exiting-shell"></span></p>
|
||
<p>Certain jobs are run asynchronously by the shell other than those
|
||
explicitly put into the background; even in cases where the shell would
|
||
usually wait for such jobs, an explicit exit command or exit due to the
|
||
option ERR_EXIT will cause the shell to exit without waiting. Examples
|
||
of such asynchronous jobs are process substitution, see <a href="Expansion.html#Process-Substitution">Process
|
||
Substitution</a>, and the handler
|
||
processes for multios, see the section <em>Multios</em> in
|
||
<a href="Redirection.html#Redirection">Redirection</a>.</p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<p>This document was generated on <em>May 14, 2022</em> using <a href="http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html
|
||
5.0</em></a>.<br />
|
||
Zsh version 5.9, released on May 14, 2022.</p>
|
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