hyperreal/wiki.bash-hackers.org
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/rawiriblundell/wiki.bash-hackers.org synced 2024-12-23 21:40:39 +01:00
Code Issues Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
203e0f4ea8
wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case
Rawiri Blundell 80bd32e686 First crawl of archive.org
2023-04-14 23:44:41 +12:00

453 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
Raw Blame History

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="no-js">
<head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=TPXmWR5s" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
__wm.init("http://web.archive.org/web");
__wm.wombat("https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=edit","20221206141007","http://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/",
"1670335807");
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=qtvMKcIJ" />
<!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include -->
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>The case statement [Bash Hackers Wiki]</title>
<script>(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement)</script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20221206141007im_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/images/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20221206141007im_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/images/apple-touch-icon.png"/>
<meta name="generator" content="DokuWiki"/>
<meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"/>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20221206141007cs_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/assets/bootstrap/default/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/exe/opensearch.php" title="Bash Hackers Wiki"/>
<link rel="start" href="/"/>
<link rel="contents" href="/syntax/ccmd/case?do=index" title="Sitemap"/>
<link rel="manifest" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/exe/manifest.php"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Recent Changes" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/feed.php"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Current namespace" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/feed.php?mode=list&amp;ns=syntax:ccmd"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Plain HTML" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/_export/xhtml/syntax/ccmd/case"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Wiki Markup" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/_export/raw/syntax/ccmd/case"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20221206141007cs_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/exe/css.php?t=bootstrap3&amp;tseed=54923c3deda180f2db5bd755cd8fbf1a"/>
<!--[if gte IE 9]><!-->
<script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/var NS='syntax:ccmd';var JSINFO = {"updatable":1,"userreplace":1,"default_macro_string":"","plugins":{"edittable":{"default columnwidth":""}},"move_renameokay":false,"isadmin":0,"isauth":0,"bootstrap3":{"mode":"source","toc":[],"config":{"collapsibleSections":0,"fixedTopNavbar":1,"showSemanticPopup":0,"sidebarOnNavbar":0,"tagsOnTop":1,"tocAffix":1,"tocCollapseOnScroll":1,"tocCollapsed":0,"tocLayout":"default","useAnchorJS":1,"useAlternativeToolbarIcons":1}},"id":"syntax:ccmd:case","namespace":"syntax:ccmd","ACT":"source","useHeadingNavigation":1,"useHeadingContent":1};
/*!]]>*/</script>
<script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/exe/jquery.php?tseed=23f888679b4f1dc26eef34902aca964f"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/exe/js.php?t=bootstrap3&amp;tseed=54923c3deda180f2db5bd755cd8fbf1a"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/if (typeof IconifyConfig == 'undefined') { var IconifyConfig = { 'defaultAPI' : '/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/iconify.php?prefix={prefix}&icons={icons}' } }
/*!]]>*/</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/assets/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/assets/anchorjs/anchor.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/assets/typeahead/bootstrap3-typeahead.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/assets/iconify/iconify.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20221206141007js_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/assets/iconify/plugins/fa.js"></script>
<!--<![endif]-->
<style type="text/css">@media screen { body { margin-top: 65px; } #dw__toc.affix { top: 55px; position: fixed !important; } #dw__toc .nav .nav .nav { display: none; } }</style>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body class="default dokuwiki mode_source tpl_bootstrap3 dw-page-on-panel dw-fluid-container" data-page-id="syntax:ccmd:case"><div class="dokuwiki">
<header id="dokuwiki__header" class="dw-container dokuwiki container-fluid mx-5">
<!-- navbar -->
<nav id="dw__navbar" class="navbar navbar-fixed-top navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="dw-container container-fluid mx-5">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button class="navbar-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand d-flex align-items-center" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/start" accesskey="h" title="Bash Hackers Wiki"><img id="dw__logo" class="pull-left h-100 mr-4" alt="Bash Hackers Wiki" src="/web/20221206141007im_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/images/logo.png"/><div class="pull-right"><div id="dw__title">Bash Hackers Wiki</div></div></a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
<div class="navbar-right" id="dw__navbar_items">
<!-- navbar-searchform -->
<form action="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case" accept-charset="utf-8" class="navbar-form navbar-left search" id="dw__search" method="get" role="search">
<div class="input-group">
<input id="qsearch" autocomplete="off" type="search" placeholder="Search" value="" accesskey="f" name="q" class="form-control" title="[F]"/>
<div class="input-group-btn">
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit" title="Search">
<span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:magnify"></span> </button>
</div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="do" value="search"/>
</form>
<!-- /navbar-searchform -->
<!-- tools-menu -->
<ul class="nav navbar-nav dw-action-icon" id="dw__tools">
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-target="#" data-toggle="dropdown" title="" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:wrench"></span> <span class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm">Tools</span> <span class="caret"></span>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu tools" role="menu">
<li class="dropdown-header">
<span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:account"></span> User Tools </li>
<li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=register" title="Register" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem register"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15 14c-2.67 0-8 1.33-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.67-5.33-4-8-4m-9-4V7H4v3H1v2h3v3h2v-3h3v-2m6 2a4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4z"/></svg><span>Register</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=login&amp;sectok=" title="Log In" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem login"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 17.25V14H3v-4h7V6.75L15.25 12 10 17.25M8 2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4h2v4h9V4H8v4H6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z"/></svg><span>Log In</span></a></li>
<li class="divider" role="separator"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">
<span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:toolbox"></span> Site Tools </li>
<li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=recent" title="Recent Changes [r]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="r" class="menuitem recent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15 13h1.5v2.82l2.44 1.41-.75 1.3L15 16.69V13m4-5H5v11h4.67c-.43-.91-.67-1.93-.67-3a7 7 0 0 1 7-7c1.07 0 2.09.24 3 .67V8M5 21a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5c0-1.11.89-2 2-2h1V1h2v2h8V1h2v2h1a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.1c1.24 1.26 2 2.99 2 4.9a7 7 0 0 1-7 7c-1.91 0-3.64-.76-4.9-2H5m11-9.85A4.85 4.85 0 0 0 11.15 16c0 2.68 2.17 4.85 4.85 4.85A4.85 4.85 0 0 0 20.85 16c0-2.68-2.17-4.85-4.85-4.85z"/></svg><span>Recent Changes</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=media&amp;ns=syntax%3Accmd" title="Media Manager" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem media"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7 15l4.5-6 3.5 4.5 2.5-3L21 15m1-11h-8l-2-2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M2 6H0v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h18v-2H2V6z"/></svg><span>Media Manager</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=index" title="Sitemap [x]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="x" class="menuitem index"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 3h6v4H3V3m12 7h6v4h-6v-4m0 7h6v4h-6v-4m-2-4H7v5h6v2H5V9h2v2h6v2z"/></svg><span>Sitemap</span></a></li>
<li class="divider" role="separator"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">
<span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:file-document-outline"></span> Page Tools </li>
<li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=" title="Show page [v]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="v" class="menuitem show"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 9h5.5L13 3.5V9M6 2h8l6 6v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4c0-1.11.89-2 2-2m9 16v-2H6v2h9m3-4v-2H6v2h12z"/></svg><span>Show page</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=revisions" title="Old revisions [o]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="o" class="menuitem revs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7v5.11l4.71 2.79.79-1.28-4-2.37V7m0-5C8.97 2 5.91 3.92 4.27 6.77L2 4.5V11h6.5L5.75 8.25C6.96 5.73 9.5 4 12.5 4a7.5 7.5 0 0 1 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0 1-7.5 7.5c-3.27 0-6.03-2.09-7.06-5h-2.1c1.1 4.03 4.77 7 9.16 7 5.24 0 9.5-4.25 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12.5 2z"/></svg><span>Old revisions</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=backlink" title="Backlinks" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem backlink"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10.59 13.41c.41.39.41 1.03 0 1.42-.39.39-1.03.39-1.42 0a5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0-7.07l3.54-3.54a5.003 5.003 0 0 1 7.07 0 5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0 7.07l-1.49 1.49c.01-.82-.12-1.64-.4-2.42l.47-.48a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0-4.24 2.982 2.982 0 0 0-4.24 0l-3.53 3.53a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0 4.24m2.82-4.24c.39-.39 1.03-.39 1.42 0a5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0 7.07l-3.54 3.54a5.003 5.003 0 0 1-7.07 0 5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0-7.07l1.49-1.49c-.01.82.12 1.64.4 2.43l-.47.47a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0 4.24 2.982 2.982 0 0 0 4.24 0l3.53-3.53a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0-4.24.973.973 0 0 1 0-1.42z"/></svg><span>Backlinks</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="#dokuwiki__top" title="Back to top [t]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="t" class="menuitem top"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12z"/></svg><span>Back to top</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- /tools-menu -->
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<span class="dw__actions dw-action-icon">
<a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=register" title="Register" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem register btn btn-success navbar-btn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15 14c-2.67 0-8 1.33-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.67-5.33-4-8-4m-9-4V7H4v3H1v2h3v3h2v-3h3v-2m6 2a4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4z"/></svg><span class=""> Register</span></a><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=login&amp;sectok=" title="Log In" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem login btn btn-default navbar-btn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 17.25V14H3v-4h7V6.75L15.25 12 10 17.25M8 2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4h2v4h9V4H8v4H6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z"/></svg><span class=""> Log In</span></a> </span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- navbar -->
<div align="center">
<script async src="//web.archive.org/web/20221206141007js_/https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<!-- BHORG_BOTTOM -->
<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:728px;height:90px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4658830517838678" data-ad-slot="1603598940"></ins>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>
</div>
</header>
<a name="dokuwiki__top" id="dokuwiki__top"></a>
<main role="main" class="dw-container pb-5 dokuwiki container-fluid mx-5">
<div id="dokuwiki__pageheader">
<!-- breadcrumbs -->
<nav id="dw__breadcrumbs" class="small">
<hr/>
<div class="dw__youarehere">
<ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li>You are here</li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/start" itemprop="item" title="start"><span itemprop="name"><span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:home"></span></span></a></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a itemprop="item" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/start" class="wikilink1" title="syntax:start">Syntax</a></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a itemprop="item" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/start" class="wikilink1" title="syntax:ccmd:start">Compound Commands</a></li><li class="active" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><span itemprop="name"><a itemprop="item" href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case" class="wikilink1" title="syntax:ccmd:case">The case statement</a></span></li></ol> </div>
<div class="dw__breadcrumbs hidden-print">
<ol class="breadcrumb"><li>Trace</li> </div>
<hr/>
</nav>
<!-- /breadcrumbs -->
<p class="text-right">
<span class="pageId ml-1 label label-primary">syntax:ccmd:case</span> </p>
<div id="dw__msgarea" class="small">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<article id="dokuwiki__content" class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" itemref="dw__license">
<!-- page-tools -->
<nav id="dw__pagetools" class="hidden-print">
<div class="tools panel panel-default">
<ul class="nav nav-stacked nav-pills text-muted">
<li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=" title="Show page [v]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="v" class="menuitem show"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 9h5.5L13 3.5V9M6 2h8l6 6v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4c0-1.11.89-2 2-2m9 16v-2H6v2h9m3-4v-2H6v2h12z"/></svg><span>Show page</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=revisions" title="Old revisions [o]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="o" class="menuitem revs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7v5.11l4.71 2.79.79-1.28-4-2.37V7m0-5C8.97 2 5.91 3.92 4.27 6.77L2 4.5V11h6.5L5.75 8.25C6.96 5.73 9.5 4 12.5 4a7.5 7.5 0 0 1 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0 1-7.5 7.5c-3.27 0-6.03-2.09-7.06-5h-2.1c1.1 4.03 4.77 7 9.16 7 5.24 0 9.5-4.25 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12.5 2z"/></svg><span>Old revisions</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="/web/20221206141007/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/ccmd/case?do=backlink" title="Backlinks" rel="nofollow" class="menuitem backlink"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10.59 13.41c.41.39.41 1.03 0 1.42-.39.39-1.03.39-1.42 0a5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0-7.07l3.54-3.54a5.003 5.003 0 0 1 7.07 0 5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0 7.07l-1.49 1.49c.01-.82-.12-1.64-.4-2.42l.47-.48a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0-4.24 2.982 2.982 0 0 0-4.24 0l-3.53 3.53a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0 4.24m2.82-4.24c.39-.39 1.03-.39 1.42 0a5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0 7.07l-3.54 3.54a5.003 5.003 0 0 1-7.07 0 5.003 5.003 0 0 1 0-7.07l1.49-1.49c-.01.82.12 1.64.4 2.43l-.47.47a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0 4.24 2.982 2.982 0 0 0 4.24 0l3.53-3.53a2.982 2.982 0 0 0 0-4.24.973.973 0 0 1 0-1.42z"/></svg><span>Backlinks</span></a></li><li class="action"><a href="#dokuwiki__top" title="Back to top [t]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="t" class="menuitem top"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12z"/></svg><span>Back to top</span></a></li> </ul>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- /page-tools -->
<div class="panel panel-default px-3 py-2" itemprop="articleBody">
<div class="page panel-body">
<div class="dw-content-page "><!-- content --><div class="dw-content"><p>
This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong.
</p>
<div class="editBox" role="application">
<div class="toolbar group">
<div id="draft__status" class="draft__status"></div>
<div id="tool__bar" class="tool__bar"></div>
</div>
<form id="dw__editform" method="post" action="" accept-charset="utf-8" class=" form-inline"><div class="no">
<input type="hidden" name="sectok" value=""/><input type="hidden" name="id" value="syntax:ccmd:case"/><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="0"/><input type="hidden" name="date" value="0"/><input type="hidden" name="prefix" value="."/><input type="hidden" name="suffix" value=""/><input type="hidden" name="changecheck" value="9e589d4abc02672a31281a8cef0c1b7d"/><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section"/><textarea name="wikitext" id="wiki__text" dir="auto" class="edit form-control" cols="80" rows="10" tabindex="1" readonly="readonly">
====== The case statement ======
===== Synopsis =====
&lt;code&gt;
case &lt;WORD&gt; in
[(] &lt;PATTERN1&gt; ) &lt;LIST1&gt; ;; # or ;&amp; or ;;&amp; in Bash 4
[(] &lt;PATTERN2&gt; ) &lt;LIST2&gt; ;;
[(] &lt;PATTERN3&gt; | &lt;PATTERN4&gt; ) &lt;LIST3-4&gt; ;;
...
[(] &lt;PATTERNn&gt;) &lt;LISTn&gt; [;;]
esac
&lt;/code&gt;
===== Description =====
The ''case''-statement can execute commands based on a [[syntax:pattern | pattern matching]] decision. The word ''&lt;WORD&gt;'' is matched against every pattern ''&lt;PATTERNn&gt;'' and on a match, the associated [[syntax:basicgrammar#lists | list]] ''&lt;LISTn&gt;'' is executed. Every commandlist is terminated by ''&lt;nowiki&gt;;;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''. This rule is optional for the very last commandlist (i.e., you can omit the ''&lt;nowiki&gt;;;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' before the ''esac''). Every ''&lt;PATTERNn&gt;'' is separated from it's associated ''&lt;LISTn&gt;'' by a '')'', and is optionally preceded by a ''(''.
Bash 4 introduces two new action terminators. The classic behavior using '';;'' is to execute only the list associated with the first matching pattern, then break out of the ''case'' block. The '';&amp;'' terminator causes ''case'' to also execute the next block without testing its pattern. The '';;&amp;'' operator is like '';;'', except the case statement doesn't terminate after executing the associated list - Bash just continues testing the next pattern as though the previous pattern didn't match. Using these terminators, a ''case'' statement can be configured to test against all patterns, or to share code between blocks, for example.
The word ''&lt;WORD&gt;'' is expanded using //tilde//, //parameter// and //variable expansion//; //arithmetic//, //command// and //process substitution//; and //quote removal//. **No word splitting, brace, or pathname expansion is done**, which means you can leave expansions unquoted without problems:
&lt;code&gt;
var=&quot;test word&quot;
case $var in
...
esac
&lt;/code&gt;
This is similar to the behavior of the [[syntax:ccmd:conditional_expression | conditional expression command (&quot;new test command&quot;)]] (also no word splitting for expansions).
Unlike the C-case-statement, only the matching list and nothing else is executed. If more patterns match the word, only the first match is taken. (**Note** the comment about Bash v4 changes above.)
Multiple ''|''-delimited patterns can be specified for a single block. This is a POSIX-compatable equivalent to the ''@(pattern-list)'' extglob construct.
The ''case'' statement is one of the most difficult commands to indent clearly, and people frequently ask about the most &quot;correct&quot; style. Just do your best - there are many variations of indenting style for ''case'' and no real agreed-upon best practice.
===== Examples =====
Another one of my stupid examples...
&lt;code&gt;
printf '%s ' 'Which fruit do you like most?'
read -${BASH_VERSION+e}r fruit
case $fruit in
apple)
echo 'Mmmmh... I like those!'
;;
banana)
echo 'Hm, a bit awry, no?'
;;
orange|tangerine)
echo $'Eeeks! I don\'t like those!\nGo away!'
exit 1
;;
*)
echo &quot;Unknown fruit - sure it isn't toxic?&quot;
esac
&lt;/code&gt;
Here's a practical example showing a common pattern involving a ''case'' statement. If the first argument is one of a valid set of alternatives, then perform some sysfs operations under Linux to control a video card's power profile. Otherwise, show a usage synopsis, and print the current power profile and GPU temperature.
&lt;code bash&gt;
# Set radeon power management
function clk {
typeset base=/sys/class/drm/card0/device
[[ -r ${base}/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input &amp;&amp; -r ${base}/power_profile ]] || return 1
case $1 in
low|high|default)
printf '%s\n' &quot;temp: $(&lt;${base}/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input)C&quot; &quot;old profile: $(&lt;${base}/power_profile)&quot;
echo &quot;$1&quot; &gt;${base}/power_profile
echo &quot;new profile: $(&lt;${base}/power_profile)&quot;
;;
*)
echo &quot;Usage: $FUNCNAME [ low | high | default ]&quot;
printf '%s\n' &quot;temp: $(&lt;${base}/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input)C&quot; &quot;current profile: $(&lt;${base}/power_profile)&quot;
esac
}
&lt;/code&gt;
A template for experiments with ''case'' logic, showing shared code between blocks using '';&amp;'', and the non-short-circuiting '';;&amp;'' operator:
&lt;code bash&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env bash
f() {
local -a &quot;$@&quot;
local x
for x; do
case $x in
$1)
local &quot;$x&quot;'+=(1)' ;;&amp;
$2)
local &quot;$x&quot;'+=(2)' ;&amp;
$3)
local &quot;$x&quot;'+=(3)' ;;
$1|$2)
local &quot;$x&quot;'+=(4)'
esac
IFS=, local -a &quot;$x&quot;'=(&quot;${x}: ${'&quot;$x&quot;'[*]}&quot;)'
done
for x; do
echo &quot;${!x}&quot;
done
}
f a b c
# output:
# a: 1,4
# b: 2,3
# c: 3
&lt;/code&gt;
===== Portability considerations =====
* Only the '';;'' delimiter is specified by POSIX.
* zsh and mksh use the '';|'' control operator instead of Bash's '';;&amp;''. Mksh has '';;&amp;'' for Bash compatability (undocumented).
* ksh93 has the '';&amp;'' operator, but no '';;&amp;'' or equivalent.
* ksh93, mksh, zsh, and posh support a historical syntax where open and close braces may be used in place of ''in'' and ''esac'': ''case word { x) ...; };''. This is similar to the alternate form Bash supports for its [[syntax/ccmd/classic_for | for loops]], but Bash doesn't support this syntax for ''case..esac''.
===== See also =====
* [[http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_09_04_05|POSIX case conditional construct]]
</textarea>
<div id="wiki__editbar" class="editBar">
<div id="size__ctl">
</div>
</div>
</div></form>
</div>
</div><!-- /content --></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="small text-right">
<span class="docInfo">
<ul class="list-inline"><li><span class="iconify text-muted" data-icon="mdi:file-document-outline"></span> <span title="syntax/ccmd/case.txt">syntax/ccmd/case.txt</span></li><li><span class="iconify text-muted" data-icon="mdi:calendar"></span> Last modified: <span title="2017/02/08 15:04">2017/02/08 15:04</span></li><li class="text-muted">by <bdi>fgrose</bdi></li></ul> </span>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</main>
<footer id="dw__footer" class="dw-container py-5 dokuwiki container-fluid">
<hr/>
<div align="center">
<h3><a target="_blank" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221206141007/http://www.performing-databases.com/">This site is supported by Performing Databases - your experts for database administration</a></h3>
</div>
<hr/>
<div align="center">
<script async src="//web.archive.org/web/20221206141007js_/https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<!-- BHORG_BOTTOM -->
<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:728px;height:90px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4658830517838678" data-ad-slot="1603598940"></ins>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>
</div>
<!-- footer -->
<div class="dw-container small container-fluid mx-5">
<div class="footer-dw-title">
<div class="media">
<div class="media-left">
<img src="/web/20221206141007im_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/images/logo.png" alt="Bash Hackers Wiki" class="media-object" style="height:32px"/>
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-2">
<h4 class="media-heading">Bash Hackers Wiki</h4>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-10">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer-license row">
<hr/>
<div id="dw__license" class="col-sm-6">
<p>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221206141007/http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html" title="GNU Free Documentation License 1.3" target="" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemprop="license" rel="license" class="license"><img src="/web/20221206141007im_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/images/license/gnufdl.png" width="24" height="24" alt="gnufdl"/> </a> </p>
<p class="small">
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license:<br/><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221206141007/http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html" title="GNU Free Documentation License 1.3" target="" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemprop="license" rel="license" class="license">GNU Free Documentation License 1.3</a> </p>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /footer -->
</footer>
<a href="#dokuwiki__top" class="back-to-top hidden-print btn btn-default" title="skip to content" accesskey="t">
<span class="iconify" data-icon="mdi:chevron-up"></span> </a>
<div id="screen__mode"> <span class="visible-xs-block"></span>
<span class="visible-sm-block"></span>
<span class="visible-md-block"></span>
<span class="visible-lg-block"></span>
</div>
<img src="/web/20221206141007im_/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/lib/exe/indexer.php?id=syntax%3Accmd%3Acase&amp;1670335835" width="2" height="1" alt=""/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!--
FILE ARCHIVED ON 14:10:07 Dec 06, 2022 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE
INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 11:36:26 Apr 14, 2023.
JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE.
ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C.
SECTION 108(a)(3)).
-->
<!--
playback timings (ms):
captures_list: 100.159
exclusion.robots: 0.129
exclusion.robots.policy: 0.118
cdx.remote: 0.055
esindex: 0.008
LoadShardBlock: 76.209 (3)
PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 110.823 (4)
load_resource: 367.418
PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 307.189
-->
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink