| Declaration commands <wrap center round lo todo box 80%>Commands that set and query attributes/types, and manipulate simple datastructures.</wrap> |
Alt | Type | |
|---|---|---|---|
| declare | Display or set shell variables or functions along with attributes. | typeset |
builtin |
| export | Display or set shell variables, also giving them the export attribute. | typeset -x |
special builtin |
| eval | Evaluate arguments as shell code. | - | special builtin |
| local | Declare variables as having function local scope. | - | builtin |
| readonly | Mark variables or functions as read-only. | typeset -r |
special builtin |
| unset | Unset variables and functions. | - | special builtin |
| shift | Shift positional parameters | - | special builtin |
| I/O <wrap center round lo todo box 80%>Commands for reading/parsing input, or producing/formatting output of standard streams.</wrap> |
Alt | Type | |
| coproc | Co-processes: Run a command in the background with pipes for reading / writing its standard streams. | - | keyword |
| echo | Create output from arguments. | - | builtin |
| mapfile | Read lines of input into an array. | readarray |
builtin |
| printf | "advanced echo." |
- | builtin |
| read | Read input into variables or arrays, or split strings into fields using delimiters. | - | builtin |
| Configuration and Debugging <wrap center round lo todo box 80%>Commands that modify shell behavior, change special options, assist in debugging.</wrap> |
Alt | Type | |
| caller | Identify/print execution frames. | - | builtin |
| set | Set the positional parameters and/or set options that affect shell behaviour. | - | special builtin |
| shopt | set/get some bash-specific shell options. | - | builtin |
| Control flow and data processing <wrap center round lo todo box 80%>Commands that operate on data and/or affect control flow.</wrap> |
Alt | Type | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colon | "true" null command. | true | special builtin |
| dot | Source external files. | source | special builtin |
| false | Fail at doing nothing. | - | builtin |
| continue / break | continue with or break out of loops. | - | special builtin |
| let | Arithmetic evaluation simple command. | - | builtin |
| return | Return from a function with a specified exit status. | - | special builtin |
| [ | The classic test simple command. |
test | builtin |
| Process and Job control <wrap center round lo todo box 80%>Commands related to jobs, signals, process groups, subshells.</wrap> |
Alt | Type | |
| exec | Replace the current shell process or set redirections. | - | special builtin |
| exit | Exit the shell. | - | special builtin |
| kill | Send a signal to specified process(es) | - | builtin |
| trap | Set signal handlers or output the current handlers. | - | special builtin |
| times | Display process times. | - | special builtin |
| wait | Wait for background jobs and asynchronous lists. | - | builtin |
| Alt | Type |