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====== The caller builtin command ======
===== Synopsis =====
&lt;code&gt;caller [FRAMENUMBER]&lt;/code&gt;
===== Description =====
The ''caller'' builtin command is used to print execution frames of subroutine calls. Without giving a framenumber, the topmost execution frame information is printed (&quot;who called me&quot;) wile linenumber and filename.
When an execution frame number is given (0 - topmost), the linenumber, the subroutine (function) and the filename is printed. When an invalid execution frame number is given, it exists ''FALSE''. This way it can be used in a loop (see the examples section below).
===== Examples =====
==== Simple stack trace ====
The code below defines a function ''die'' that is used to exit the program. It prints a list of execution frames, starting with the topmost frame (0). The topmost frame is the &quot;caller of the die function&quot;, in this case function &quot;f1&quot;.
This way, you can print a &quot;stack trace&quot; for debugging or logging purposes.
The code is made very simple, just to show the basic purposes.
&lt;code bash&gt;
#!/bin/bash
die() {
local frame=0
while caller $frame; do
((++frame));
done
echo &quot;$*&quot;
exit 1
}
f1() { die &quot;*** an error occured ***&quot;; }
f2() { f1; }
f3() { f2; }
f3
&lt;/code&gt;
**Output**
&lt;code&gt;
12 f1 ./callertest.sh
13 f2 ./callertest.sh
14 f3 ./callertest.sh
16 main ./callertest.sh
*** an error occured ***
&lt;/code&gt;
===== Notes =====
* ''caller'' produces no output unless used within a script that's run from a real file. It isn't particularly useful for interactive use, but can be used to create a decent ''die'' function to track down errors in moderately complex scripts. &lt;code&gt;{ bash /dev/stdin; } &lt;&lt;&lt;$'f(){ g; }\ng(){ h; }\nh(){ while caller $((n++)); do :; done; }\nf'&lt;/code&gt;
* For more sophisticated debugging, Bash extended debugging features are available and a number of special parameters that give more detail than caller (e.g. BASH_ARG{C,V}). Tools such as [[ http://bashdb.sourceforge.net/|Bashdb ]] can assist in using some of Bash's more advanced debug features.
* The Bash manpage and help text specifies that the argument to ''caller'' is an &quot;expr&quot; (whatever that means). Only an integer is actually allowed, with no special interpretation of an &quot;expression&quot; as far as we can tell.
===== Portability considerations =====
* ''caller'' is not specified by POSIX(R)
* the ''caller'' builtin command appeared in Bash version 3.0
===== See also =====</textarea>
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<ul class="list-inline"><li><span class="iconify text-muted" data-icon="mdi:file-document-outline"></span> <span title="commands/builtin/caller.txt">commands/builtin/caller.txt</span></li><li><span class="iconify text-muted" data-icon="mdi:calendar"></span> Last modified: <span title="2022/03/20 14:23">2022/03/20 14:23</span></li><li class="text-muted">by <bdi>sahirhoda</bdi></li></ul> </span>
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