From 07c68f12b6a0162ef1ae41a640d4be54d0b7de3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Charles Choi Date: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 20:23:05 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] Initial commit --- .gitignore | 11 + LICENSE | 674 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ README.org | 247 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 932 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 LICENSE create mode 100644 README.org diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..206569d --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Compiled +*.elc + +# Packaging +.cask + +# Backup files +*~ + +# Undo-tree save-files +*.~undo-tree diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f288702 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If not, see . + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Copyright (C) + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, +if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. +For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see +. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you +may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with +the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. But first, please read +. diff --git a/README.org b/README.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22c060b --- /dev/null +++ b/README.org @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +* Elisp Cheatsheet for Python Programmers + +This document is for readers who are familiar with the Python programming language and wish to apply that knowledge to writing Emacs Lisp (Elisp). It is intended to be a “cheat sheet”/quick reference and should not be considered a primary source for either Python or Emacs APIs. + +❗ This is a *work in progress*. Constructive [[https://github.com/kickingvegas/elisp-for-python/issues][feedback]] is encouraged. + +** Table of Contents :TOC_3: +- [[#elisp-cheatsheet-for-python-programmers][Elisp Cheatsheet for Python Programmers]] + - [[#guiding-principles][Guiding Principles]] + - [[#python-list-to-elisp-list][Python List to Elisp List]] + - [[#python-tuple-to-elisp-vector][Python Tuple to Elisp Vector]] + - [[#python-dictionary][Python Dictionary]] + - [[#to-elisp-hash-table][To Elisp Hash Table]] + - [[#to-elisp-association-list-alist][To Elisp Association List (alist)]] + - [[#to-elisp-property-list-plist][To Elisp Property List (plist)]] + - [[#python-string-to-elisp-string][Python String to Elisp String]] + +** Guiding Principles +- This document uses Python 3.12 and Emacs Lisp 29.1+ APIs. +- Only Emacs 29.1+ built-in packages are used. +- Python code translated to Elisp emphasizes using generic (aka [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(computer_science)#:~:text=A%20function%20that%20can%20evaluate,which%20such%20specializations%20are%20made.][polymorphic]]) functions. + - This lowers the cognitive load of working with different Elisp sequence types (*list*, *vector*) and map types (*hash-table*, *alist*). + - The Emacs packages ~seq.el~ and ~map.el~ do the heavy lifting here for sequence and map types respectively. +- Achieving correct and unsurprising behavior using conventional programming abstractions for sequence and map types is the primary concern. +- Performance is at best a tertiary concern. + +** Python List to Elisp List + +The Elisp *list* type is best understood as a /linked-list/ data structure. Elisp analogs to the Python *list* methods ~insert~ and ~append~ are relatively expensive to do and as such is frowned upon. + +#+begin_example +s: list +x: any +t: list +n: integer +i: integer +j: integer +#+end_example + +❗All Elisp translations will not mutate the original input unless noted. + +| Python | Elisp Generic | Elisp Type-Specific | Notes | +|--------------------+-------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------| +| ~s = []~, ~s = list()~ | ~(setq s (list))~ | | | +| ~x in s~ | ~(seq-contains-p s x)~ | | | +| ~x not in s~ | ~(not (seq-contains-p s x))~ | | | +| ~s + t~ | ~(seq-concatenate 'list s t)~ | ~(append s t)~ | | +| ~s * n~ or ~n * s~ | ~(seq-map (lambda (a) (* n a)) s)~ | | | +| ~s[i]~ | ~(seq-elt s i)~ | | | +| ~s[i:j]~ | ~(seq-subseq s i j)~ | | | +| ~s[i:j:k]~ | | | | +| ~len(s)~ | ~(seq-length s)~ | | | +| ~min(s)~ | ~(seq-min s)~ | | Elements of ~s~ must be orderable. | +| ~max(s)~ | ~(seq-max s)~ | | Elements of ~s~ must be orderable. | +| ~s.index(x)~ | ~(seq-position s x)~ | | | +| ~s.count(x)~ | ~(seq-count (lambda (a) (= x a)) s)~ | | | +| ~s[0]~ | ~(seq-first s)~ | | | +| ~s[-n]~ | ~(seq-first (seq-subseq s -n))~ | | | +| ~if not s:~ | ~(seq-empty-p s)~ | | | +|--------------------+-------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------| +| ~s[i] = x~ | | | | +| ~s[i:j] = t~ | | | | +| ~del s[i:j]~ | | | | +| ~del s[i]~ | ~(seq-remove-at-position s i)~ | | | +| ~s[i:j:k] = t~ | | | | +| ~del s[i:j:k]~ | | | | +| ~s.append(x)~ | | | | +| ~s.clear()~ | ~(setq s (list))~ | | | +| ~s.copy()~ | ~(seq-copy s)~ | | | +| ~s.extend(t)~ | ~(append s t)~ | | | +| ~s *=n~ | ~(seq-map (lambda (a) (* n a)) s)~ | | | +| ~s.insert(i, x)~ | | | | +| ~s.pop()~ | ~(pop s)~ | | ~s~ is mutated. | +| ~s.insert(0, x)~ | ~(push s x)~ | | ~s~ is mutated. | +| ~s.remove(x)~ | ~(seq-remove (lambda (a) (= x a)) s)~ | | | +| ~s.reverse()~ | ~(reverse s), (nreverse s)~ | | ~nreverse~ will destructively mutate ~s~. | + +** Python Tuple to Elisp Vector + +The closest Elisp analog to a Python *tuple* is a *vector*. They both model immutable sequences. + +#+begin_example +s: tuple/vector +x: any +t: tuple/vector +n: integer +i: integer +j: integer +#+end_example + +| Python | Elisp | Notes | +|------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------| +| ~s = (1, 2, 3)~, ~s = tuple(range(3))~ | ~(setq s (vector 1 2 3))~, ~(setq s [1 2 3])~ | | +| ~x in s~ | ~(seq-contains-p s x)~ | | +| ~x not in s~ | ~(not (seq-contains-p s x))~ | | +| ~s + t~ | ~(seq-concatenate 'vector s t)~ | | +| ~s * n~ or ~n * s~ | ~(seq-into (seq-map (lambda (a) (* n a)) s) 'vector)~ | | +| ~s[i]~ | ~(seq-elt s i)~ | | +| ~s[i:j]~ | ~(seq-subseq s i j)~ | | +| ~s[i:j:k]~ | | | +| ~len(s)~ | ~(seq-length s)~ | | +| ~min(s)~ | ~(seq-min s)~ | Elements of ~s~ can be ordered. | +| ~max(s)~ | ~(seq-max s)~ | Elements of ~s~ can be ordered. | +| ~s.index(x)~ | ~(seq-position s x)~ | | +| ~s.count(x)~ | ~(seq-count (lambda (a) (= x a)) s)~ | | +| ~s[0]~ | ~(seq-first s)~ | | +| ~s[-n]~ | ~(seq-first (seq-subseq s -n))~ | | +| ~if not s:~ | ~(seq-empty-p s)~ | | + +** Python Dictionary +*** To Elisp Hash Table + +The Elisp ~hash-table~ is the most straightforward analog to a Python dictionary. That said, there are gotchas, particularly around ~hash-table~ creation. If the keys are of type *string*, then the key comparison should be set to the function ~equal~ via the ~:test~ slot. If ~:test~ is omitted the default function ~eql~ is used which compares numbers. + +#+begin_example +d: dictionary/hash-table +k: key +v: value +#+end_example + +| | | | <20> | +| Python | Elisp Generic | Elisp Type-Specific | Notes | +|--------------------+------------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| ~d = dict()~, ~d = {}~ | ~(setq d (make-hash-table :test #'equal))~ | | If ~:test~ is omitted, key comparison is default ~eql~ that is tuned for number comparison. | +| ~list(d)~ | ~(map-keys d)~ | ~(hash-table-keys d)~ | | +| ~len(d)~ | ~(map-length d)~ | ~(length d)~ | | +| ~d[k]~ | ~(map-elt d k)~ | ~(gethash k d)~ | | +| ~d[k] = v~ | ~(map-put! d k v)~ | ~(puthash k v d)~ | | +| ~del d[k]~ | ~(map-delete d k)~ | ~(remhash k d)~ | | +| ~k in d~ | ~(map-contains-key d k)~ | | | +| ~k not in d~ | ~(not (map-contains-key d k))~ | | | +| ~iter(d)~ | | | | +| ~d.clear()~ | ~(setq d (list))~ | | | +| ~d.copy()~ | ~(map-copy d)~ | | | +| ~d.get(k)~ | ~(map-elt d k)~ | | | +| ~d.items()~ | ~(map-pairs d)~ | | | +| ~d.keys()~ | ~(map-keys d)~ | | | +| ~d.pop(k)~ | | | | +| ~d.popitem()~ | | | | +| ~reversed(d)~ | | | | +| ~d.values()~ | ~(map-values d)~ | | | +| | ~(map-insert d k v)~ | | Like ~map-put!~ but does not mutate ~d~. | + +**** Looping +#+begin_src elisp :lexical no + (map-do f d) ; return nil + (map-apply f d) ; return results of f applied to each element of d as a list +#+end_src + +*** To Elisp Association List (alist) + +An *alist* is a convention to construct a basic list such that key-value semantics can be applied to it. An *alist* is allowed to possess degenerate keys (that is, keys are not necessarily unique!). This is because in truth, an *alist* is still a list with no actual enforcement of how values are stored in it. IMHO Elisp *alists* are an abomination, albeit a pragmatic one. Conventional Elisp wisdom arguing for *alist* usage boils down to convenient serialization and the notion that in practice, *alist* sizes are small enough to not merit the overhead of using hash-tables. + +Regardless, my guidance is to exercise caution when translating Python dictionary code to an Elisp *alist*. + +#+begin_example +d: dictionary/alist +k: key +v: value +#+end_example + + +| Python | Elisp Generic | Elisp Type-Specific | Notes | +|--------------------+------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| +| ~d = dict()~, ~d = {}~ | ~(setq d (list))~ | | | +| ~list(d)~ | ~(map-keys d)~ | | | +| ~len(d)~ | ~(map-length d)~ | ~(length d)~ | | +| ~d[k]~ | ~(map-elt d k)~ | | | +| ~d[k] = v~ | ~(map-put! d k v)~ | | This only works if ~d~ is not nil. To initialize use ~(push '(k . v) d)~. | +| ~del d[k]~ | ~(setq d (map-delete d k))~ | | | +| ~k in d~ | ~(map-contains-key d k)~ | | | +| ~k not in d~ | ~(not (map-contains-key d k))~ | | | +| ~iter(d)~ | | | | +| ~d.clear()~ | ~(setq d (list))~ | | | +| ~d.copy()~ | ~(map-copy d)~ | | | +| ~d.get(k)~ | ~(map-elt d k)~ | | | +| ~d.items()~ | ~(map-pairs d)~ | | | +| ~d.keys()~ | ~(map-keys d)~ | | | +| ~d.pop(k)~ | | | | +| ~d.popitem()~ | | | | +| ~reversed(d)~ | | | | +| ~d.values()~ | ~(map-values d)~ | | | +| | ~(map-insert d k v)~ | | Like ~map-put!~ but does not mutate ~d~. Also does not check uniqueness. | + +*** To Elisp Property List (plist) + +TBD + + +** Python String to Elisp String + +#+begin_example +s: string +a: string +b: string +c: string +sep: separator string +strs: list of strings +#+end_example + + +| Python | Elisp | Notes | +|-------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------| +| ~""~ | ~(make-string 0 ? )~ | | +| ~a + b + c~ | ~(concat a b c)~ | | +| ~s.strip()~ | ~(string-clean-whitespace s)~ | | +| ~s.capitalize()~ | ~(capitalize s)~ | | +| ~s.casefold()~ | | | +| ~s.center(width)~ | | | +| ~s.count(sub)~ | | | +| ~s.encode(encoding)~ | | | +| ~s.endswith(suffix)~ | ~(string-suffix-p suffix s)~ | | +| ~s.expandtabs(tabsize)~ | | | +| ~s.find(sub)~ | ~(string-search sub s)~ | | +| ~s.format(*args, **kwargs)~ | ~(format fmt args…)~ | | +| ~s.index(sub)~ | ~(string-search sub s)~ | | +| ~s.isalnum()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:alnum:]]*$" s)~ | | +| ~s.isalpha()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:alpha:]]*$" s)~ | | +| ~s.isascii()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:ascii:]]*$" s)~ | | +| ~s.isdecimal()~ | | | +| ~s.isdigit()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:digit:]]*$" s)~ | | +| ~s.islower()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:lower:]]*$" s)~ | ~case-fold-search~ must be nil. | +| ~s.isnumeric()~ | | | +| ~s.isprintable()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:print:]]*$" s)~ | | +| ~s.isspace()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:space:]]*$" s)~ | | +| ~s.istitle()~ | | | +| ~s.isupper()~ | ~(string-match "^[​[:upper:]]*$" s)~ | ~case-fold-search~ must be nil. | +| ~sep.join(strs)~ | ~(string-join strs sep)~ | | +| ~s.ljust(width)~ | | | +| ~s.lower()~ | ~(downcase s)~ | | +| ~s.lstrip()~ | ~(string-trim-left s)~ | | +| ~s.removeprefix(prefix)~ | ~(string-remove-prefix prefix s)~ | | +| ~s.removesuffix(suffix)~ | ~(string-remove-suffix suffix s)~ | | +| ~s.replace(old, new, count=-1)~ | ~(string-replace old new s)~ | | +| ~s.rfind(sub)~ | | | +| ~s.rindex(sub)~ | | | +| ~s.rjust(width)~ | | | +| ~s.rsplit(sep)~ | | | +| ~s.rstrip()~ | ~(string-trim-right s)~ | | +| ~s.split(sep)~ | ~(split-string s sep)~ | | +| ~s.splitlines()~ | ~(string-lines s)~ | | +| ~s.startswith(prefix)~ | ~(string-prefix-p prefix s)~ | | +| ~s.strip()~ | ~(string-trim s)~ | | +| ~s.swapcase()~ | | | +| ~s.title()~ | ~(upcase-initials s)~ | | +| ~s.upper()~ | ~(upcase s)~ | | +| ~s.zfill(width)~ | | |