---
tags:
  - bash
  - shell
  - scripting
  - config
  - files
  - include
  - configuration
---

# Config files for your script

## General

For this task, you don't have to write large parser routines (unless
you want it 100% secure or you want a special file syntax) - you can use
the Bash source command. The file to be sourced should be formated in
key="value" format, otherwise bash will try to interpret commands:

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Reading config...." >&2
    source /etc/cool.cfg
    echo "Config for the username: $cool_username" >&2
    echo "Config for the target host: $cool_host" >&2

So, where do these variables come from? If everything works fine, they
are defined in /etc/cool.cfg which is a file that's sourced into the
current script or shell. Note: this is **not** the same as executing
this file as a script! The sourced file most likely contains something
like:

    cool_username="guest"
    cool_host="foo.example.com"

These are normal statements understood by Bash, nothing special. Of
course (and, a big disadvantage under normal circumstances) the sourced
file can contain **everything** that Bash understands, including
malicious code!

The `source` command also is available under the name `.` (dot). The
usage of the dot is identical:

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Reading config...." >&2
    . /etc/cool.cfg #note the space between the dot and the leading slash of /etc.cfg
    echo "Config for the username: $cool_username" >&2
    echo "Config for the target host: $cool_host" >&2

## Per-user configs

There's also a way to provide a system-wide config file in /etc and a
custom config in ~/(user's home) to override system-wide defaults. In
the following example, the if/then construct is used to check for the
existance of a user-specific config:

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Reading system-wide config...." >&2
    . /etc/cool.cfg
    if [ -r ~/.coolrc ]; then
      echo "Reading user config...." >&2
      . ~/.coolrc
    fi

## Secure it

As mentioned earlier, the sourced file can contain anything a Bash
script can. Essentially, it **is** an included Bash script. That creates
security issues. A malicicios person can "execute" arbitrary code when
your script is sourcing its config file. You might want to allow only
constructs in the form `NAME=VALUE` in that file (variable assignment
syntax) and maybe comments (though technically, comments are
unimportant). Imagine the following "config file", containing some
malicious code:

    # cool config file for my even cooler script
    username=god_only_knows
    hostname=www.example.com
    password=secret ; echo rm -rf ~/*
    parameter=foobar && echo "You've bene pwned!";
    # hey look, weird code follows...
    echo "I am the skull virus..."
    echo rm -fr ~/*
    mailto=netadmin@example.com

You don't want these `echo`-commands (which could be any other
commands!) to be executed. One way to be a bit safer is to filter only
the constructs you want, write the filtered results to a new file and
source the new file. We also need to be sure something nefarious hasn't
been added to the end of one of our name=value parameters, perhaps using
; or && command separators. In those cases, perhaps it is simplest to
just ignore the line entirely. Egrep (`grep -E`) will help us here, it
filters by description:

    #!/bin/bash
    configfile='/etc/cool.cfg'
    configfile_secured='/tmp/cool.cfg'

    # check if the file contains something we don't want
    if egrep -q -v '^#|^[^ ]*=[^;]*' "$configfile"; then
      echo "Config file is unclean, cleaning it..." >&2
      # filter the original to a new file
      egrep '^#|^[^ ]*=[^;&]*'  "$configfile" > "$configfile_secured"
      configfile="$configfile_secured"
    fi

    # now source it, either the original or the filtered variant
    source "$configfile"

<u>**To make clear what it does:**</u> egrep checks if the file
contains something we don't want, if yes, egrep filters the file and
writes the filtered contents to a new file. If done, the original file
name is changed to the name stored in the variable `configfile`. The
file named by that variable is sourced, as if it were the original file.

This filter allows only `NAME=VALUE` and comments in the file, but it
doesn't prevent all methods of code execution. I will address that
later.