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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><link href=https://flokoe.github.io/bash-hackers-wiki/scripting/terminalcodes/ rel=canonical><link href=../style/ rel=prev><link href=../../snipplets/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.5.44"><title>Terminal codes (ANSI/VT100) introduction - The Bash Hackers Wiki</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.0253249f.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#terminal-codes-ansivt100-introduction class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="The Bash Hackers Wiki" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="The Bash Hackers Wiki" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> The Bash Hackers Wiki </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Terminal codes (ANSI/VT100) introduction </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for=__palette_0 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-sc
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tput smcup
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clear
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# example "application" follows...
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read -n1 -p "Press any key to continue..."
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# example "application" ends here
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# restore
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tput rmcup
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</code></pre></div> <p>These features require that certain capabilities exist in your termcap/terminfo. While <code>xterm</code> and most of its clones (<code>rxvt</code>, <code>urxvt</code>, etc) will support the instructions, your operating system may not include references to them in its default xterm profile. (FreeBSD, in particular, falls into this category.) If <code>tput smcup</code> appears to do nothing for you, and you don't want to modify your system termcap/terminfo data, and you KNOW that you are using a compatible xterm application, the following may work for you:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>echo -e '\033[?47h' # save screen
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echo -e '\033[?47l' # restore screen
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</code></pre></div> <p>Certain software uses these codes (via their termcap capabilities) as well. You may have seen the screen save/restore in <code>less</code>, <code>vim</code>, <code>top</code>, <code>screen</code> and others. Some of these applications may also provide configuration options to <em>disable</em> this behaviour. For example, <code>less</code> has a <code>-X</code> option for this, which can also be set in an environment variable:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>export LESS=X
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less /path/to/file
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</code></pre></div> <p>Similarly, <code>vim</code> can be configured not to "restore" the screen by adding the following to your <code>~/.vimrc</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>set t_ti= t_te=
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</code></pre></div> <h4 id=additional-colors>Additional colors<a class=headerlink href=#additional-colors title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4> <p>Some terminal emulators support additional colors. The most common extension used by xterm-compatible terminals supports 256 colors. These can be generated by <code>tput</code> with <code>seta{f,b} [0-255]</code> when the <code>TERM</code> value has a <code>-256color</code> suffix. <a href=https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728#now-supporting-truecolour>Some terminals</a> also support full 24-bit colors, and any X11 color code can be written directly into a special escape sequence. (<a href=https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728>More infos</a>) Only a few programs make use of anything beyond 256 colors, and tput doesn't know about them. Colors beyond 16 usually only apply to modern terminal emulators running in graphical environments.</p> <p>The Virtual Terminal implemented in the Linux kernel supports only 16 colors, and the usual default terminfo entry for <code>TERM=linux</code> defines only 8. There is sometimes an alternate "linux-16color" that you can switch to, to get the other 8 colors.</p> <h2 id=bash-examples>Bash examples<a class=headerlink href=#bash-examples title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <h3 id=hardcoded-colors>Hardcoded colors<a class=headerlink href=#hardcoded-colors title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>printf '%b\n' 'It is \033[31mnot\033[39m intelligent to use \033[32mhardcoded ANSI\033[39m codes!'
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</code></pre></div> <h3 id=colors-using-tput>Colors using tput<a class=headerlink href=#colors-using-tput title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <p><u>Directly inside the echo:</u></p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>echo "TPUT is a $(tput setaf 2)nice$(tput setaf 9) and $(tput setaf 5)user friendly$(tput setaf 9) terminal capability database."
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</code></pre></div> <p><u>With preset variables:</u></p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>COL_NORM="$(tput setaf 9)"
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COL_RED="$(tput setaf 1)"
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COL_GREEN="$(tput setaf 2)"
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echo "It's ${COL_RED}red${COL_NORM} and ${COL_GREEN}green${COL_NORM} - have you seen?"
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</code></pre></div> <h3 id=misc>Misc<a class=headerlink href=#misc title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <p><u>HOME function</u></p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>home() {
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# yes, actually not much shorter ;-)
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tput home
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}
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</code></pre></div> <h3 id=silly-but-nice-effect>Silly but nice effect<a class=headerlink href=#silly-but-nice-effect title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>#!/bin/bash
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DATA[0]=" _/ _/ _/ _/ "
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DATA[1]=" _/_/_/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ "
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DATA[2]=" _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/_/ _/ _/"
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DATA[3]="_/_/_/_/_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/_/ _/ _/ "
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DATA[4]=" _/ _/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/ _/ "
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# virtual coordinate system is X*Y ${#DATA} * 5
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REAL_OFFSET_X=0
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REAL_OFFSET_Y=0
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draw_char() {
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V_COORD_X=$1
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V_COORD_Y=$2
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tput cup $((REAL_OFFSET_Y + V_COORD_Y)) $((REAL_OFFSET_X + V_COORD_X))
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printf %c ${DATA[V_COORD_Y]:V_COORD_X:1}
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}
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trap 'exit 1' INT TERM
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trap 'tput setaf 9; tput cvvis; clear' EXIT
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tput civis
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clear
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while :; do
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for ((c=1; c <= 7; c++)); do
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tput setaf $c
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for ((x=0; x<${#DATA[0]}; x++)); do
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for ((y=0; y<=4; y++)); do
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draw_char $x $y
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done
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done
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done
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done
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</code></pre></div> <h3 id=mandelbrot-set>Mandelbrot set<a class=headerlink href=#mandelbrot-set title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <p>This is a slightly modified version of Charles Cooke's colorful Mandelbrot plot scripts (<a href=http://earth.gkhs.net/ccooke/shell.html>original w/ screenshot</a>) -- ungolfed, optimized a bit, and without hard-coded terminal escapes. The <code>colorBox</code> function is <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization>memoized</a> to collect <code>tput</code> output only when required and output a new escape only when a color change is needed. This limits the number of <code>tput</code> calls to at most 16, and reduces raw output by more than half. The <code>doBash</code> function uses integer arithmetic, but is still ksh93-compatible (run as e.g. <code>bash ./mandelbrot</code> to use it). The ksh93-only floating-point <code>doKsh</code> is almost 10x faster than <code>doBash</code> (thus the ksh shebang by default), but uses only features that don't make the Bash parser crash.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>#!/usr/bin/env ksh
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# Charles Cooke's 16-color Mandelbrot
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# http://earth.gkhs.net/ccooke/shell.html
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# Combined Bash/ksh93 flavors by Dan Douglas (ormaaj)
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function doBash {
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typeset P Q X Y a b c i v x y
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for ((P=10**8,Q=P/100,X=320*Q/cols,Y=210*Q/lines,y=-105*Q,v=-220*Q,x=v;y<105*Q;x=v,y+=Y)); do
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for ((;x<P;a=b=i=c=0,x+=X)); do
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for ((;a**2+b**2<4*P**2&&i++<99;a=((c=a)**2-b**2)/P+x,b=2*c*b/P+y)); do :
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done
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colorBox $((i<99?i%16:0))
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done
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echo
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done
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}
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function doKsh {
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integer i
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float a b c x=2.2 y=-1.05 X=3.2/cols Y=2.1/lines
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while
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for ((a=b=i=0;(c=a)**2+b**2<=2&&i++<99&&(a=a**2-b**2+x,b=2*c*b+y);)); do :
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done
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. colorBox $((i<99?i%16:0))
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if ((x<1?!(x+=X):(y+=Y,x=-2.2))); then
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print
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((y<1.05))
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fi
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do :
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done
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}
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function colorBox {
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(($1==lastclr)) || printf %s "${colrs[lastclr=$1]:=$(tput setaf "$1")}"
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printf '\u2588'
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}
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unset -v lastclr
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((cols=$(tput cols)-1, lines=$(tput lines)))
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typeset -a colrs
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trap 'tput sgr0; echo' EXIT
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${KSH_VERSION+. doKsh} ${BASH_VERSION+doBash}
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</code></pre></div> <p>A much more sophisticated version by Roland Mainz can be found <a href=http://svn.nrubsig.org/svn/people/gisburn/scripts/mandelbrotset1.sh>here</a></p> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">November 7, 2024</span> </span> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title=Created> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.47 15.08 11 13V7h1.5v5.25l3.08 1.83c-.41.28-.79.62-1.11 1m-1.39 4.84c-.36.05-.71.08-1.08.08-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8s3.58-8 8-8 8 3.58 8 8c0 .37-.03.72-.08 1.08.69.1 1.33.32 1.92.64.1-.56.16-1.13.16-1.72 0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10S2 6.5 2 12s4.47 10 10 10c.59 0 1.16-.06 1.72-.16-.32-.59-.54-1.23-.64-1.92M18 15v3h-3v2h3v3h2v-3h3v-2h-3v-3z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">November 7, 2024</span> </span> </aside> <h2 id=__comments>Comments</h2> <script src=https://giscus.app/client.js data-repo=flokoe/bash-hackers-wiki data-repo-id=R_kgDOJ3Nr6Q data-category="Giscus Page Comments" data-category-id=DIC_kwDOJ3Nr6c4CXq9t data-mapping=pathname data-strict=1 data-reactions-enabled=1 data-emit-metadata=0 data-input-position=top data-theme=preferred_color_scheme data-lang=en data-loading=lazy crossorigin=anonymous async>
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</script> <script>
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var giscus = document.querySelector("script[src*=giscus]")
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/* Set palette on initial load */
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var palette = __md_get("__palette")
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if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
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var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
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giscus.setAttribute("data-theme", theme)
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}
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/* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
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document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
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var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
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ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
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var palette = __md_get("__palette")
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if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
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var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark" : "light"
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/* Instruct Giscus to change theme */
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var frame = document.querySelector(".giscus-frame")
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frame.contentWindow.postMessage(
|
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{ giscus: { setConfig: { theme } } },
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"https://giscus.app"
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)
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}
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||
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})
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||
|
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})
|
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</script> </article> </div> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"base": "../..", "features": ["navigation.instant", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.sections", "navigation.top", "content.action.view", "content.action.edit", "search.suggest", "search.highlight", "content.code.copy"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.6ce7567c.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script> <script src=../../assets/javascripts/bundle.83f73b43.min.js></script> </body> </html>
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